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Hepcidin

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Andy Battaglia:
I find this topic fascinating. Is there a pre-natal trigger for excess iron absorption? If so, can this be affected by treatment before birth? The future will answer these questions.

ironjustice:
Quote: Is there a pre-natal trigger for excess iron absorption?

I would say the SAME 'trigger' found in hemochromatosis.
Meat BY the mother.

"Our results indicate that specific carbohydrates contribute to the
enhancing effect of meat on iron uptake by the enterocyte. These
carbohydrates may be oligosaccharides originating from
glycosaminoglycans in the extracellular matrix of muscle tissue."

Carbohydrate fractions from cooked fish promote iron uptake by Caco-2
cells.
 J Nutr. 2004 Jul;134(7):1681-9.
Huh EC, Hotchkiss A, Brouillette J, Glahn RP.
Institute of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.

The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize the meat
factor(s) that enhances nonheme iron bioavailability using various
analytical and in vitro cell culture techniques. Nonheme iron
bioavailability was measured via radiolabeled iron uptake or ferritin
formation in Caco-2 cells. Fish haddock fillet was cooked and
lyophilized to be used as the muscle tissue of choice because of its
low intrinsic iron content. It was demonstrated that the low pH of the
stomach (pH 2.0) was the primary factor responsible for initiating the
enhancing effect of fish on nonheme iron uptake. Subsequently, cooked
fish samples were titrated with HCl to pH 2.0 and incubated for 1 h
without digestive enzymes to release the factor(s) from the fish. The
supernatant of this acidic digest was then used as a starting material
for the meat factor isolation procedures. Fractions generated through
Sephadex G-25 size exclusion increased Caco-2 cell iron uptake
approximately 9-fold. Subsequent chromatography of these fractions via
C18 reverse-phase HPLC were conducted, and enhancing activity was
observed only in the "injection peak." This observation coupled with
protein measurement and amino acid composition analysis revealed that
the active fractions contained negligible amounts of proteins or amino
acids. Active fractions were highly enriched with carbohydrates.
Subsequent chromatography via high performance anion exchange
chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection yielded 3 active
peaks that increased Caco-2 cell iron uptake 3.4- to 4.9-fold. Our
results indicate that specific carbohydrates contribute to the
enhancing effect of meat on iron uptake by the enterocyte. These
carbohydrates may be oligosaccharides originating from
glycosaminoglycans in the extracellular matrix of muscle tissue.

PMID: 15226454

---------

"The effect of heme iron intake (from meat, fish, and poultry) was 2.0
times greater (1.2-3.2) on C282Y homozygotes than other groups."

HFE genotype modifies the influence of heme iron intake on iron status.
Epidemiology. 2005 Nov;16(6):802-5.
Greenwood DC, Cade JE, Moreton JA, O'Hara B, Burley VJ, Randerson-Moor
JA, Kukalizch K, Thompson D, Worwood M, Bishop DT.
Biostatistics Unit, University of Leeds, and Genetic Epidemiology
Division, Cancer Genetics Building, St. James's University Hospital,
Leeds, UK. d.c.greenwood@leeds.ac.uk

BACKGROUND:
Public health policy to prevent iron deficiency through food
fortification or other measures may be disadvantageous to
people with hereditary hemochromatosis.
METHODS:
From a cohort of U.K. women, 2531 women were typed for
C282Y and H63D mutations in the hemochromatosis gene.
These women completed food frequency questionnaires and
provided blood for iron status.
RESULTS:
C282Y homozygotes (n=31) had serum ferritin concentrations
2.4 times higher (95% confidence interval=1.9-3.1) than wild
types (n=1774), but heterozygotes (n=726) were not different
from wild types.
H63D genotype had no effect on its own.
The effect of heme iron intake (from meat, fish, and poultry) was
2.0 times greater (1.2-3.2) on C282Y homozygotes than other
groups.
Nonheme iron had little effect.
CONCLUSIONS:
There may be scope for dietary intervention in women homozygous
for the C282Y mutation.
C282Y heterozygotes and H63D homozygotes and heterozygotes
have similar serum ferritin concentrations to wild type and need not
reduce their meat intake other than as part of a normal healthy diet.

PMID: 16222171

Dori:
Yes, I have always believed that hepcidin is the most interesting finding in this field. I mean, hepcidin is a very interesting thing. In the Dutch media it was translated as transferrin but I believe -looking at English article - that they messed up and actually talk about hepcidin. Gonna read all your articles later better.
TY

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